Electrical heating apparatus



P 1936- A. G. BORDEN 2,054,594

ELECTRI CAL HEAT ING APPARATUS Original Filed March 20, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l B Q M ATTORNEY P 1936- A. G. BORDEN ELECTRICAL HEATING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed March 20, 1931 INVENTOR. 9v

ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICAL HEATING APPARATUS Application March 20,

1931, Serial No. 524,142

Renewed November 20, 1935 8 Claims.

My invention relates broadly to electrical heating apparatus and more particularly to a simplified construction of tubular type electric heater.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a construction of electrical heating apparatus of tubular form into which any object which is to be subjected to heat may be inserted and the heat concentrated therein while maintaining the exterior of the surrounding casing relatively cool.

Another object of my invention is to provide an improved form of electric heater for hair waving apparatus having means for concentrating the heat within a central chamber for subjecting the hair on the curling mandrel to heat treatment while maintaining the exterior of the heater relatively cool.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a simplified construction of electric heater for hair wavers, the parts of which are capable of quantity production at low cost and which may be readily assembled for forming a complete electric hair waving apparatus.

A further object of my invention is to provide an arrangement for mounting a heating element within a multiple section shell of a heater chamber having means for preventing heat conduction or radiation outside of the shell while concentrating the heat within the heater chamber within the shell.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a construction of electric heater for hair waving apparatus employing a two-part shell casing wherein the heating element is carried by a tubular support which may be centered between end members within the casing, heat radiation from the electric heater being concentrated centrally toward the inner chamber while conduction and radiation losses exterior of the casing are substantially nil.

Another object of my invention resides in an arrangement of a terminal connector for an insertable heating coil for the chamber of a hair waver whereby the heating coil may be renewed from time to time as may be required.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a construction of closure for the end of the heater chamber whereby the heater chamber may be readily inserted over the mandrel which carries the hair in coiled arrangement for subjecting the hair to heat treatment.

Other and further objects of my invention reside in the construction of electrical heater as set forth more fully in the specification hereinafter following by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the heater of my invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the heater chamber taken in a position revolved from the view shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken through the heater chamber shown in Figs. 1 and 2 with the shell for the heater coil shown in side elevation; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken through the heater chamber and heating coil in the hair waver construction of my invention; Fig. 5 is a lateral cross-sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken through one of the terminal members in the construction illustrated in Fig. 4; Figure '7 is a perspective view of the heater system; and Figs. 8 to 11 are perspective views of the various parts of the heater system.

Referring to the drawings in detail, reference characters I and 2 designate complementary portions of an enclosing shell for the hair waver apparatus of my invention. The complementary portions l and 2 are molded from heat resisting material, the portion I being externally screw threaded as represented at 3 and the portion 2 being internally screw threaded as represented at 4 for providing a rigid joint intermediate the ends of the heat treatment chamber. The lower extremity of the portion 2 of the shell is formed with an annular flange 5 integrally connected with the shell 2 with an intermediate annular recessed portion 6 therebetween. A closure cap 1 is provided for the end 5 of the heat treatment chamber, the closure cap carrying a diametrically extending device therein having spring fingers 8 which are adapted to resiliently clamp over the end 5 of the heat treatment chamber and project into the annular recess 6 in the end of the shell portion 2. A gasket 2| is provided for sealing the end of the heat treatment chamber. The exterior portion of the cap 1 is provided with a series of plate members 9, l0 and H, the plate members I 0 and l I being spaced from each other as represented at [4 to permit circulation of cooling air therebetween and reducing the con-' duction of heat to the surface adjacent the pad l2 which is carried by the plate H. The pad [2 and the series of superimposed plates 9, l0 and II, together with the cap 1, the spring device therein, and the gasket 21 are suitably apertured for the passage of the strands of hair at H into the heat treatment chamber where the hair is wrapped upon the mandrel I 9. The mandrel l9 is secured to the plates 9 and l 0 by securing means threaded into the upper portion l of the shell as,

represented at 25. The internal bore of the cap 23 is'formed to correspond with 'the internal bore of the portion 24 of the upper shell- -I. The

'cap 23 is apertured at 23a. for the passage of the mandrel I9 therethrough and for the escape of steam. It will be observed that the walls of the shells l and 2 bulge outwardly having. aJarger" internal diameter at the center of the casing than at opposite ends of the casing. Shoulders areprovided at. opposite endsof the casing as shown at Ta and 2d between whichthe elements of the heater system are mounted. The heater system includes a. tubular. member 34 which is disposed'between two annular end members 35 and 36. The end members35'and 36 are recessed as represented at35a; and 35a to receive the ends of thetubular member 34'. The'inside. surface of the tubularmember'extends'flush with the in-' terior surface of. the ringmembers 35 and 35.

The tubular member 34 provides a mounting means for theheater winding represented at38. The heater winding 38' may be formed from any desired construction of WlI'ETS'llCh. as a nichrome wire wrapped spirally. uponv an asbestos base. The winding maybe disposed in a multiplicity of layers insulated one from another, the layers extending. to a predetermined distance from the oppositeends of the tubular member 3.4'allowing the ring members 35'and 36 to be fittedover the ends of the tubular member' 34.

The ends of the heater winding 38 project longitudinally from the heater element terminating as shown at 33 and arranged to enter connectors 21 provided inthe molded heatercasing as shown; more fully in Fig. 4; The terminals 21 have the form of tubular members molded'vertically withinthe'molded portions 28 and 29. of the shell I into which the ends of the heater wire at 33 ex'.

tend andinto which the ends of the take-off conductors 3| extend. The heater winding isv of finestructure and in order to. strengthen the terminals. of r the wire the. ends are inserted into pliable metallic tubes shown at 33 which project vertically from the heater winding and enter the metallic connectors2'l. The pliable metallic tube or sleeve is collapsed on the end of the heater winding to insure good electrical contact; The insulated tubes 33 are held in place by the wrap ping. which secures the turns of the heater wire on the tubular member 34. The ends of the takeoff conductors. 31- and 'the terminals to the heater wires 3,! and 33 are clampedby means of screw device 32 as. shown more clearly in Fig. 6 for effecting a. good electrical connection. The heater systemhas-the heater member covered by .a. metallic. heat conducting shell 40. The shell .40. has apertures cutin diametrically opposed positions Afla; and 40b in opposite ends thereof. asv shown more. clearly in Fig. 8 which cular recessior the passage of the conductors 33 extending from the heater winding 38 to the terminals 21. The shell 40 is formed of thin metal with the inner surface thereof highly polished and disposed adjacent to the heater winding and leaving an air space between the polished metal surface and the heater winding. The polished confine the heat to the heat treatment chamber. The polished surface on the interior of the tube 40 serves as a heat reflector retarding the penetration' of heat rays through the walls of the shell portions l and 2. r 7

It will be observed that the ring members 35 and 35a'r'eforme'd in heat resisting material and serve to space-the heater element away from the portions I and 2 of the shell of the hair Waving apparatus. The heat resisting qualities of the ring members 35 and 36 prevent conduction of heatfrom the heater winding 38 to the exterior shell portions and 2. The air space whichis provided-between the heater-'rwindings 58 and the'interior polished surface of the tube flii serves to permit the radiation of heat from the winding 38' toward the-interiorpolished surface of the tube at from whichit is reflected toward the interiorjofthe heater chamber. The properties of the-metalliccylinder 4B are such that a uni form' heat distribution may be maintained throughout the heater chamber in-that the cylinder 45 is raised to a predetermined temperature throughout thesurface thereof. The exterior surface of the cylinder 'is spaced fromthe interior walls of'theshellportions I and 2 of the outer'casing, Suitable apertures Ia and 2a are provided to insure the dissipation of heat' from within the spacebetween the outer surface of the cylinder 45 and the interior of the shell portions l andZ.

' As will'be'seen from the drawings; the assembly of the parts of the hairwaving apparatus is very simple in that thetwo' parts of theshell of the outer casingare screwed together over the heater element; thereby, centering the heater interior surface of the tube 40 serves to reflect heat radiated from theheater winding 38 and element within the casing and forming the heat treatment chambenfor' the hair waver apparatus. 'The conductors which establish the circuit to-the heaterwinding 38 enter the tube of the casing and are securedby means of block 30 enabling the heater to" be suspended from the conductors: 3 or from an auxiliary supporting cord attachedto'the'block 3G. The mandrel. is maintained in position within the heater chamber by means of the spring members 8 which engage the lower portion of the heater chamber as shown;

All parts of the casing andzthe centering ring members 35 and 35 are readily molded and assembled in the manner shown. The heater system which is centered within the casing may be readily removed for renewal or repair and provides an inexpensive assembly. The fact that the inner surface of'the shell' lii serves as a heat reflectorinsuresthatthe-shell portions land 2 are maintained relatively cool under conditions of operation of the heater thereby permitting the operator to. conveniently adjust the position of each of .the hair wavers in a group of hair wavers without danger to theoperator or the patron.

While I have shown my invention as applying particularly to a hair waving apparatus, I desire that it be. understood that my invention has many applications, such as aheater for medicinal. purposes. and therapeutical purposes. I have. found the construction of heater of: my invention suitable for Vaporizers where it is de sired to produce a vapor from a solution carried by an absorber within the heater chamber,

I have found the construction of heater of my invention suitable for Vaporizers where it is desired to produce a vapor from a solution carried by an absorber within the heater chamber for medicinal purposes and therapeutical uses.

I have found the construction of hair waving apparatus described herein highly practical, and while I have described one embodiment of my invention I desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and that no limitations upon my invention are intended other than are imposed by the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows:

1. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat resisting casing, a heater unit disposed within said casing, said unit including a cylindrical member, an annular member of heat resisting material carried by each end of said cylindrical member and operating to space said cylindrical member from the material of said casing, a heat er winding carried by said cylindrical member, a cylindrical shield disposed between the annular members on the ends of said cylindrical member and interlocked with said annular members, said cylindrical shield having a high degree of heat conductivity for uniformly distributing heat throughout the length of said cylindrical member, a heat reflecting surface formed on the interior of said cylindrical shield for concentrating heat from said heater winding interiorly of said cylindrical member and means projectible axially through said cylindrical member for supporting hair in wound formation therein for waving the hair.

2. Hair waving apparatus comprising a casing of heat resisting material, terminals formed in said casing, a removable heater unit having connectors extending therefrom for establishing electrical connection with the terminals in said casing, said heater unit comprising a pair of concentrically disposed tubular members, a winding disposed therebetween and terminating in said connectors, spacer blocks of heat resisting material positively spacing said tubular members from each other and from the interior walls of said casing and means projectible axially through said cylindrical member for supporting hair in wound formation therein for waving the hair.

3. An electrical heating device comprising a casing composed of a pair of substantially cylindrical half-sections threadedly connected together at their adjacent ends and each provided with an internal shoulder means, and a unitary electrical heating element entirely separate and distinct from said casing disposed within the latter, said heating element comprising a tube, an electrical resistance element wound thereon, and a ring at each end of said tube engaging the side wall of the related casing section to maintain the heating element between said rings spaced from the casing and also engaging said shoulder means, respectively, whereby threading together of the casing sections clamps the heating element within the casing.

4. An electrical heating device comprising a casing composed of a pair of substantially cylindrical half-sections threadedly connected together at their adjacent ends, a unitary electrical heating element entirely separate and distinct from said casing disposed within the latter, means whereby threading together of said casing sections clamps said heating element within the casing, and means whereby said heating element when clamped within the casing is maintained coaxial therewith and in spaced relationship to the side walls of the casing sections, the said side walls of the casing sections having openings for the circulation of air into and through the casing about said heating element.

5. An electrical heating device comprising a casing composed of a pair of substantially cylindrical half-sections threadedly connected together at their adjacent ends and each provided with internal shoulder means, an electrical heating element entirely separate and distinct from said casing disposed within the latter, said heating element comprising a tube, an electrical resistance element wound on said tube, a ring at each end of the tube projecting laterally beyond the tube and engaging the side wall of the related casing section to hold the heating element coaxial with the casing, said rings further engaging said shoulder means, respectively, whereby threading together of the casing sections clamps the heating element within the casing, one of said rings having grooves to accommodate terminal portions of the resistance winding, a sleeve enclosing the resistance winding, and interfitting formations between the ends of said tube and said rings holding the rings and tube against rotation relative to each other.

6. An electrical heating device of the class described comprising in combination with a twopart casing, a unitary electrical heating element entirely separate and distinct from said casing and removably clamped therein, said heating element comprising an inner tube, an electrical resistance element wound on said inner tube, a spacing ring element fitted to each end of said tube and seated against the casing, and an outer metal tube telescoped over the resistance element and having an interlocking engagement with both ring members.

7. An electrical heating device of the class described, comprising in combination, a hollow casing having air ventilating holes in its wall, a unitary electrical heating element separate and distinct from the casing and removably clamped therein in spaced relation from the casing wall, said heating element comprising an inner tube, an electrical resistance element wound onto said inner tube, and an outer heat reflector metal tube telescoped over the resistance element.

8. An electrical heating device of the class described, comprising in combination, a hollow casing having air ventilating holes in its wall, a unitary electrical heating element separate and distinct from the casing and removably clamped therein in spaced relation from the casing wall, said heating element comprising an inner tube forming an interior heating chamber, an electrical resistance element wound onto said inner tube, and an outer heat reflector metal tube telescoped over the resistance element.

ARTHUR G. BORDEN. 

